Have you ever spent hours closely looking at a minor blemish, convinced it’s a great flaw visible to the world? For those with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), this is a daily reality. 

While exact prevalence rates vary, studies suggest that BDD affects approximately 1-2% of the population.

Let’s learn more about Body Dysmorphic Disorder, exploring its symptoms, impact, and path to recovery.

What is Common Body Dysmorphic Disorder? Obsessions and Compulsions

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric or psychological disorder. It is characterized by an individual’s intense focus on a particular aspect of their appearance that they perceive as disgusting or unpleasant.

This focus becomes a concern when it is disproportionate or unusual, as others typically would not notice or consider the perceived flaw significant.

The most common areas of concern for people with BDD include facial features (such as the nose, wrinkles, acne, and other blemishes), hair, skin, muscle size, and even specific body parts like the breast, buttocks, or genitalia.

In some cases, people may attempt to camouflage the body part they are fixated on, using clothing, makeup, or other means to hide it.

This disorder can be extremely debilitating, affecting not only the individual but also their family. It can lead to feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and profoundly negative beliefs about oneself rooted in this minor or even imagined flaw in appearance.

Without treatment, the condition can worsen over time, potentially leading to severe depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and even suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

Causes And Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Factors Contributing to Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

While the exact cause of BDD remains unknown, a combination of factors is believed to contribute to its development:

• Brain differences: Certain brain regions may be involved in BDD.
• Genetic predisposition: Family history of BDD or other mental health conditions.
• Perfectionism: Striving for unrealistic standards of appearance.
• Negative body image: Dissatisfaction with one’s physical appearance.
• Low self-esteem: Feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness.
• Negative social experiences include bullying, teasing, and social rejection.
• Media influence: Exposure to unrealistic beauty standards.
• Traumatic events: Adverse childhood experiences or significant life stressors.

Symptoms

• Spending at least an hour a day focused on the perceived defect.
• Engaging in repetitive actions like skin picking, hair pulling, or excessive grooming.
• Refraining from social interactions due to fear of scrutiny or judgment.
• Frequently comparing one’s appearance to others.
• Using makeup, clothing, or hairstyles to hide perceived defects.
• Considering or undergoing cosmetic surgery to address perceived flaws.
• Feeling inadequate, ashamed, or worthless due to perceived appearance issues.
• Experiencing difficulties in work, school, or relationships as a result of BDD.

Body dysmorphia vs. Body dysmorphic disorder 

Feature	Body Dysmorphia (Informal Term)	Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Definition	A general term used to describe body image concerns or dissatisfaction.	A severe mental health condition characterized by obsessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in one’s appearance.
Severity	It can range from mild to moderate.	Often severe and significantly impacts daily life.
Focus	It can be focused on any perceived flaw but is often related to common insecurities like weight, skin, or hair.	Primarily focused on perceived flaws in the face or head, such as skin, hair, nose, or eyes.
Impact	It can lead to low self-esteem and social anxiety.	It can lead to severe social isolation, depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts.
Treatment	Often, self-help strategies or therapy.	Requires specialized treatment, often a combination of therapy and medication.

Also Check Out: Daily Affirmations to Improve Your Body Image

How To Diagnose And Treat?

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical evaluation to rule out other conditions, followed by an assessment from a mental health professional. This evaluation includes a psychological assessment, family and medical history, and criteria outlined in the DSM-5.

Treatment options for BDD often include therapy and medication.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 

It helps individuals develop healthier coping mechanisms and improve their mental health. 

Medications

Medications such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) can help manage obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. In severe cases, psychiatric hospitalization may be recommended, especially if there’s an immediate risk of self-harm.

Some Tips To Help Someone With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Here are some tips to support someone with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD):

• Steer conversations away from appearance-focused topics. Instead, engage in discussions about interests, hobbies, or current events.
• While it might seem helpful to share your own insecurities, it can inadvertently escalate negative feelings.
• Encourage open and honest communication. Let them express their thoughts and feelings without judgment.
• Even if you don’t fully understand their perspective, acknowledge the reality of their feelings. Avoid dismissing or minimizing their concerns.
• Recognize and appreciate their efforts, no matter how small. Positive reinforcement can boost their self-esteem.
• Recommend online therapy services like teletherapy as a convenient and accessible option.
• Explore resources like “Eating Disorder Solutions” for additional guidance and support.

Wrap Up

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) can be a challenging and isolating condition. However, with proper diagnosis, treatment, and support, it is possible to manage BDD and live a fulfilling life.

If you suspect you or someone you know might be struggling with BDD, remember you are not alone. 

Reach out to a mental health professional for an evaluation and explore the resources available.

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